Flat Tax Rate essays

Level Tax Rate expositions Executing a level rate assessment would incredibly improve the economy in the US. A level duty rate would build reserve funds, optional spending, and prosperous speculations to a great extent by diminishing negligible assessment rates what's more, disentangling consistence costs. Also, any negative effect on lower pay Americans would be adjusted by the expanded gains in effectiveness from the level expense rate. Taken together, these contentions recommend that a level duty rate would be massively valuable to the American economy. Maybe one of the most significant strides in comprehension the financial advantages of a level rate charge is in making a strong working meaning of such an assessment. Instinctively, a level rate duty can be characterized just as an assessment that is relatively applied on complete salary. For instance, a 10 percent level rate assessment would be $5,000 for an individual who acquires $50,000. Correspondingly the level assessment pace of 10 percent would be $2,000 for a person who acquires an insignificant $20,000 every year. Searing rate annual expense has two significant and characterizing qualities. They note, first, the assessment base is a complete proportion of pay with no particular treatment given to explicit sources or employments of in come, and second, a solitary assessment rate is applied to that base (629). While the meaning of a level rate charge appears to be straightforward, the genuine level charges that have been proposed in the United States are normally adjusted structures, and as such are false level charges. They utilize an increasingly prohibitive meaning of available pay than the genuine meaning of a level duty, and they likewise regularly apply some little graduated duty rates to the pay base. Carmelizing mind boggling, increasingly wasteful, and more on a level plane discriminatory than a valid Generally, government annual expense in the United States has been a graduated arrangement of taxat... <!

Summary for the article ‘Mortgage Mess’

Steve Gass, a woodwork fan, legal advisor and physicist had the option to think of a more secure saw that forestalls mishaps. In spite of the fact that, on his own exertion, he had the option to sell these imaginative apparatuses very well, scarcely any individuals in the business are eager to adjust it into the standard in light of the fact that as per them, â€Å"safety doesn’t sell†.The author begins by sharing the experience of a foreman in utilizing the â€Å"safe saw†, indicating that it was compelling in forestalling accidents.The essayist at that point utilizes insights by saying that 40,000 Americans are harmed by power saws each year and 4,000 of them are harmed gravely enough to require amputation.She then gives Gass’s clarification on how the saw functions. At whatever point it the saw’s edge was contacted, its body would ingest a portion of the stun like an electrical switch and it will in a split second enact the brake.Afterwards, she would discuss how astounded Gass was about the moderate reaction to his new innovation disregarding the way that â€Å"Everybody in carpentry knows somebody who’s lost a finger or had an accident.†Finally, she brings up that force saw mishaps can leave you with high clinical costs and it is ideal to utilize this new innovation to guarantee wellbeing and to bring down costs.II.  New VocabularyTinkering (n.)â †a demonstration of tinkering with something trying to fix it.Amputation (n.) † to remove an appendage or other member of the body, particularly in a careful operationPrototype (n.) †something having the basic highlights of a resulting type, and on which later structures are modeledLiability (n.) †anything for which someone is dependable, particularly a debtPlaintiff (n.) †someone who starts a claim against someone else (respondent) in a common court

Isabel Calway Great Expectations Coursework Essay

In this article I will expound on how Dickens presents Estella and Magwitch, two key characters in the story, and the motivation behind them. Pip firsts meets Magwitch in a memorial park on Christmas Eve. He has a leg iron, this shows the story was composed when leg irons were as yet utilized, in the Victorian times. Pip firsts meets Magwitch in a memorial park on a cool Christmas Eve. Pip discovers him undermining and is frightened by him we know this since pip discloses to us that he was ‘a dreadful man all in coarse grey’ and when they initially meet, Magwitch says ‘keep still you kid or I’ll cut your throat’. He requests that he present to him some food and drink and a document He does precisely what Magwitch requested that he do, and presents to him all the things he required. Indeed, even through pip is compromised by him he is still charmed and asks Mrs. Joe and Joe about the ‘hulk’ where Magwitch said his was from, even In spite of the fact that each time he asks he gets reprimanded he keeps on asking and discovers it is a jail transport and that Magwitch must be a convict. At the point when the police show up at pips entryway on Christmas Day pip is frightened it is tied in with taking the pork pie for the convict, however they are only there to get a few cuffs fixed by his brother by marriage Joe Gargery. Pip ensures that Magwitch knows it wasn’t him to informed the police concerning his quality on the bogs, and Magwitch stands up for pip by saying ‘I took some wittles, up at the town over there where the congregation stands a’ generally out on the marshes’ this shows the peruser that Magwitch has a heart and needs to ensure Pip doesn’t need to push him into difficulty and really has the opportunity to state it, when he didn’t need to and it was burden for him. Magwitch isn't very articulate and has a complement, Magwitch state ‘wittles’ meaning food shows he isn’t a refined man and hasn’t been educated to talk appropriately he likewise says ‘lookee here’ and ‘dyee’. He articulates his ‘v’ as ‘w’. Magwitch seems to be a compromising, solid and fierce character however later in the story you discover that he is very passionate and mindful. He promoters his life sparing which he more likely than not buckled down for, he offers them to pip since he lost his daughter. aPip frequently alludes to Magwitch as ‘my friend’ or ‘my convict’ this shows there is a genuine association, most little youngster when compromised like Pip was would flee, yet pip waits and attempts to draw in Magwitch. Magwitch affects pip he is more youthful life however just a piece, Pip overlooks him when he is growing up, yet when he discovers that he is his advocate the entirety of his recollections return flooding. At the point when Pip is turning into a man of honor on account of Magwitch he is advised Magwitch would be brought to jail and perhaps executed, Pip feels that it is his obligation to support him and act like a child to him, as it, in a way is the manner by which Magwitch treated pip. Pip initially meets Estella when he is approached to proceed to play at Miss Havishams home; from the second he saw her he felt that she was lovely when she takes him to see Miss Havisham he state that ‘she sparkles along the dim entry like a star’, and when he is asked by Miss Havisham what he considers Estella the primary thing he says decisively is ‘I think she is very pretty’. Estella follows Miss Havisham’s each request. Estella is more than once advised to break pip heart by Miss Havisham and obviously Estella does. She is defenseless towards Miss Havisham, and Pip is to her, he experiences passionate feelings for her effectively despite the fact that Estella is straightforward towards him by instructing him not to and that she has no heart, she allows him to kiss her on the cheek a couple of times, this keeps Pips love for her alive and it appears she is constantly present to Pip even missing. It is a result of Estella Pip tries to be an honorable man in his visits to Miss Havisham Estella much of the time makes statements, for example, ‘with this kid?!, why he is a typical working boy!’ and ‘..And what coarse hands he has! What's more, what thick boots’ this made Pip feels negative and humiliated about himself when before he felt positive and comfortable. Estella assumes a major job in Pips youth she was his first love and just love, Everything he does has an association with her, he either does it to intrigue her or to draw nearer to her and numerous different things, if Pip had never of met Estella he would not be so resolved to do the things he did, this is something worth being thankful for in light of the fact that Pip ended up having a superior life then he would of with Joe, and yet is heart is broken, which isn't certain.

Essay about Incarcerated Offender Reentry Plan - 635 Words

Considering the cost of new programs, budget shortfalls and cutbacks the state of Hawaii is experiencing at this time, we ask? What benefits would the state incur by immediately implementing an incarcerated offender reentry plan? Additionally, we ask? How would the immediate implementation of an incarcerated offender reentry plan affect a community’s economy and security? Perhaps, to effectively consider the impact of these questions I will need to determine why there is a need to immediately implement an incarcerated offender reentry plan. To do that, I will consider some statistical data: the Bureau of Justice Statistics (2008) tells us it has been estimated nationally 95% of all incarcerated people are eventually released into the†¦show more content†¦To support my assumption there is an immediate need for the implementation of a reentry plan; I have reviewed the opinions of other criminologist such as Reginald A. Wilkinson (2008). Wilkinson (2008) has written se veral articles on the need for incarcerated offender reentry plans. In one of his articles entitled Incarceration and Beyond: A Personal Perspective† (2008), Wilkinson states, â€Å"the overarching idea is that prison reentry programming should commence upon each offender’s admission to the reception center† Wilkinson goes on to say that those released without a reentry plan will affect the percentage of those returning to incarceration and have a negative effect on a communities budget and security†. Consequently, I can assume that if a reentry plan is implemented immediately, the department will save and better spend its budget dollars and stop what I call â€Å"the swinging door effect†. I define the â€Å"swinging door effect† as the repeated return of offenders into incarceration within a short period of time such. Based on personal interviews along with release document reviews, I can assume a reentry plan was not implemented and likely created the â€Å"swinging door effect†. Consequently, I have found the repeated return of offenders into incarceration within a short period of time is a problem that keeps tax dollars from being spent wisely and will affect a community’s economy and security.Show MoreRelatedAn Offender Reentry Plan Will Keep the Citizens of Hawaii Safer.1709 Words   |  7 Pagesprisons. Part of its role is to fulfill its mission of implementing a successful offender reentry program for all incarcerated offenders. This mission is mandated by the Hawaii State Senate Bill 932, Act 8 (Nakaso Kayton, 2007). The approval of this legislature was made in order to alleviate the problem of recidivism and stop the â€Å"swinging door effect.† The â€Å"swinging door effect† is defined as the repeated return of offenders into incarceration within a short period. This will also help the State ofRead MoreThe Lack Of Reintegration Programs And Mass Incarceration Of African Ameri cans912 Words   |  4 Pagesdrug arrest in 1995 †¢ Continue to be about one million per year for a drug arrest Even though the crime rate statistics has declined, the incarceration rate has continued to grow. The incarceration growth can be attributed to the lack of effective reentry programs since approximately 33% of new admissions to prisons each year are parole or probation violations, which many are for testing positive for illegal drugs. African Americans, particularly African American males have been affected the mostRead MoreRelease Planning For Convicted Felons999 Words   |  4 Pagesabuse/addiction e. Support systems III. Opportunities and Challengesâ€Æ' Introduction During the past decade, there has been a newly found interest in prisoner reentry. This is due to a change in many of the factors surrounding the release of convicted felons and their reentry into to the community (Visher, C. A., Travis, J. 2003). The number of people incarcerated in the United States prisons has quintupled and correctional facilities are working on getting them back into the community. Over half of the convictedRead MoreThe Effect of Rehabilitation and the Rate of Recidivism1727 Words   |  7 Pages With the highest incarcerated rate in the world, does the United States prison systems offer quality rehabilitation or just punishment? According to data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics, there was approximately 706 prisoners per 100,000 residents, or about 2.2 million prisoners in 2012 and within 3 years, almost 6 out of 10 released inmates will be rearrested and half will be back in prison. According to data from www.gpo.gov , the vast majority of prisoners are not rehabilitated. Two-thirdsRead MoreThe Reentry Policy Brief Provides3089 Words   |  13 PagesExecutive Summary The Reentry policy brief provides input to the Task Force set up by Florida Governor Rick Scott to reduce the number of incarcerated juveniles and avoid increasing the already wide racial disparities of the incarcerated population of juveniles. Most reentry facilities in Florida are run by reentry programs that were expanded from Transition from Prison to Community (TPC) and Transition from Jail to Community (TJC) models. Yet these programs appear to not have fully addressed recidivismRead MoreEstablishing Successful Re-Entry Programs for Ex-Convicts1208 Words   |  5 PagesFair amounts of offenders receive some sort of rehabilitation programming while they are incarcerated, albeit many return not able to reintegrate back into their surrounding communities. One way to establish successful offender re-integration is through successful reentry programs. This reason among others is why it is so important that we continue to facilitate correctional programs that increase the margin of public safety through the successful rehabilitation of offenders. Reentry programs are veryRead MorePunishment vs Rehabilitation1678 Words   |  7 Pagesrehabilitation of convicted offenders in prison and under community supervision. Punishment is defined as a penalty that is imposed on an individual for doing something wrong. The term rehabilitation is defined as a way to help somebody to return to good health or a normal life by providing training or therapy (StudyMode). If an individual commits a crime serious enough to warrant incarceration, then the individual is sent to prison as a form of punishment. While incarcerated the individual may haveRead MoreDrug Guidelines And Amendments Over The Past 15 Years1029 Words   |  5 PagesAmendments over the past 15 years It is widely recognized by an array of participants in the criminal justice system that there is an incredible amount of people in federal prison today. A significant reason for this is that too many nonviolent drug offenders have been sentenced to prison terms that are greater than necessary. The impact of the current amendments, slowly but surely, supports retroactive application throughout the incarceration system. Retroactive application is a matter of simple justice:Read MoreFice Of National Drug Control Policy988 Words   |  4 Pagesthat were incarcerated was around 300,000. That number has increased to over 1,600,000 inmates admitted into the state prisons which is shown to date by the Bureau of Justice Statistics in 2007(4). Showing the increase in these numbers only means that there will be even more people released into our communities once their prison sentence is up. Once inmates are released from prison, more than two-thirds are rearrested within three years of thei r release and half are re-incarcerated (1). ThereRead MoreParole and Probation1107 Words   |  5 PagesToday there are several options a judge can grant an offender in regards to the punishment they shall fulfill before or after trial. This refers to any way ranging to non imprisonment yet supervised ways used to deal with criminal offenders who are facing conviction or who has been convicted.. There are punishment an offender may receive such as fines, community service, electronic surveillance also know as house arrest, shock probation, intensive supervision, residential community supervision etc

Breast Feeding An Essential Way Of Expressing Love...

body is an essential way of expressing love towards it. Though, the intimacy of breast feeding it is easy for a mother is given her baby closeness, warmth and comfort; feeding that it derives nutrients for its soul through affection and security, as well as nutrients for its body. Breast feeding provides lose contact between mother and the child. Babies show how they like close body contact by their clear enjoyment of being carried, as they are in rural areas all over the world. Being carried fills their environment with the human warmth, movements and sounds that we beginning to understand are important both before and after birth. Other benefits–Breast feeding perfectly combines the three fundamentals of sound nutrition–food, health and care. A number of studies shown a strong link between the early initiations of breast feeding and reduces risk of post partum haemorrhage. Initiating breast feeding immediately following birth stimulates the contraction of the uterus and reduces blood loss. This obviously reduces maternal mortality and morbidity (Hanson, Lars et al, 1996). In recent years, research has also demonstrated that this immediate post partum benefits is by no means the only way in which breast feeding can improve women’s health. A recent large sample study in United States demonstrated that women who breast fed their children has a lower risk of breast cancer in the premenopausal period, and the longer they breast fed, lower the risk (Rasmussen, Kathleen M, etShow MoreRelatedThe Essay : The Benefits Of Breastfeeding3133 Words   |  13 Pagesthou beautiful damsel, may the four oceans Of the earth contribute the secretion of milk In thy breasts for the purpose for improving The bodily strength of the child O, thou with the beautiful face, may the child Reared on your milk, attain a long life, like The gods made immortal with drinks of nectar† --Sushruta, ancient Indian surgeon (translated) I: INTRODUCTION How a child is reared is critical towards shaping them as a person for the rest of their life. This starts at a very early age, in factRead MoreHesi Practice31088 Words   |  125 Pageswith unrestricted activities. B. a bowel-cleansing procedure will precede radioactive implantation. C. she ll be expected to use a bedpan for urination. D. the preferred positioning in bed will be semi-Fowler s. 14. Before administering a tube feeding to a toddler, which of the following methods should the nurse use to check the placement of a nasogastric (NG) tube? A. Abdominal X-rays. B. Injection of a small amount of air while listening with a stethoscope over the abdominal area. C. A checkRead More023 Understand Child and Young Person development6353 Words   |  26 Pagesto fade; toward the end of the third month babies start lifting and turning their heads. 3-6 months When lying on front babies can lift their arms and legs balancing on their tummies; they can reach and grab a toy and they can pass it from one hand to another; they can also roll from their backs to front; around sixth month babies are becoming able to sit with support (e.g. high chair). 6-9 months Babies can sit without support; they are beginning to crawl or find other ways of beingRead MoreUnderstand Person-Centred Approaches in Adult Social Care Settings12139 Words   |  49 Pagesin-depth understanding of the individual’s life circumstances and preferences, combined with up-to-date evidence-based knowledge about individualised medical and social condition and treatment. 1.2. Explain why it is important to work in a way that embeds person-centred values Characterises a person-centred care: †¢ Has its focus on the person with an illness and not the disease in the person. †¢ Has the person’s own experiences as its point of departure. †¢ Strives to understand behavioursRead More50 Harmful Effects of Genetically Modified (Gm) Foods14312 Words   |  58 Pagesof GMOs actually can potentially far outweigh that of chemical pollution. This is because chemistry deals mostly with things altered by fire (and then no longer alive, isolated in laboratories - and not infecting living terrains in self-reproducible ways). Thus a farmer may use a chemical for many decades, and then let the land lie fallow to convert it back to organic farming. This is because the chemicals tend to break down into natural substances over time, Genetic pollution, however, can alter theRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagesi Igbo Dictionary: KayWilliamson. Draft of Edition II Editor’s note: The Echeruo (1997) and Igwe (1999) Igbo dictionaries Since the preparation of the manuscript, two other dictionaries of Igbo have appeared. Since these differ in important ways from the present document, the following notes are to assist the reader. Michael J. Echeruo 1997. Igbo-English Dictionary. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. 1. Includes an English-Igbo finderlist 2. Aims to be comprehensive (the Igbo-EnglishRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesSubject Index 709 Combined Index 713 iii This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Preface xvii INTRODUCTION 1 3 THE CRITICAL ROLE OF MANAGEMENT SKILLS The Importance of Competent Managers 6 The Skills of Effective Managers 7 Essential Management Skills 8 What Are Management Skills? 9 Improving Management Skills 12 An Approach to Skill Development 13 Leadership and Management 16 Contents of the Book 18 Organization of the Book 19 Practice and Application 21 Diversity and IndividualRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesand transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions: (1) Attribution You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author, namely by citing his name, the book title, and the relevant page numbers (but not in any way that suggests that the book Logical Reasoning or its author endorse you or your use of the work). (2) Noncommercial You may not use this work for commercial purposes (for example, by inserting passages into a book that is sold to students). (3) NoRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagescommunications 12.14 Distribution strategies and the distribution plan 12.15 Channel management 12.16 The ‘soft’ elements of the marketing mix CONTENTS ix 12.17 Integrating the elements of the marketing mix 12.18 Summary Stage Four: Which way is best? Strategic evaluation 13 Criteria of choice 13.1 Learning objectives 13.2 Introduction 13.3 Financial versus non-financial criteria; effectiveness versus efficiency 13.4 Financial criteria 13.5 Non-financial criteria 13.6 Multiple criteria 13

Evidence Based Nursing Research Hospitalisation

Question: Discuss about theEvidence Based Nursing Researchfor Hospitalisation. Answer: Introduction In Australia around 96,300 elders belonging to the age group of 65 and above were hospitalised due to fall during 2011-12. (AIHW 2016). The fall percentage in women is higher than the men. With increasing fall incidences every year in the elderly, the concern to develop methods to control has risen. Around 40% of injury-related death in the elderly population is due to fall. The common injuries due to fall include bruises, cuts and sprains. Hospitalisation is needed in case of fractures. Fracture in hip is one of the major reasons of mortality and morbidity due to slow recovery from the surgery. This is also affecting the quality of life of the elderly people as they have a fear of falling. (Aus New Z: Falls prevention society 2016). Many studies to find effective techniques and method in order to prevent the fall related injuries in the elderly population have been conducted. The given article presents the review of one such randomised and controlled trial conducted by Elley et al. (2008) on the effectiveness of a falls- and-fracture nurse coordinator to reduce falls in older adults. Discussion The study emphasizes on the multifactorial and single factor intervention to be effective in reducing fall in the trial group of participants. The cost incurred due to the fall prevention methods on the community has encouraged people to invest in the effective to reduce fall. Method The researcher has selected a multifactorial intervention using a falls and fracture nurse coordinator who is working with the family physician of the participant. They aim to reduce the fractures by improving the bone strength by the family physician. The trial format was randomised and controlled method conducted in Hutt Valley, Wellington, New Zealand. The duration of the trial was around two years, from March 2005 to February 2007. A randomised controlled trial consists of participants who are assigned to treatment condition at random using controlled procedures. This method helps in comparing the interventions with the control and examining the affecting factors which can help reducing the risk. Randomised control trail is mainly used for the observational and quasi-experimental designs as there is possibility of potential bias and confounding. This could be due to the lack of comparability, observer bias and secular trends. In this case randomised control trial gives the gold s tandard for the determination of the study. (Koch, A.U. 1999). The participants selected included men and women from age group of 75 years and above having a fall history in 12 months periods. A baseline assessment was done by the nurses recruited for the care intervention. A computer based schedule generated for the intervention or control group was given to the participants from the researcher at random. This approach is effective as the chances of bias are low. All the participants received the standard methods of intervention which will help in the analysis. The comparison between the groups can be easy using the control trial method. The researcher excluded the participants having problems in understanding the guidelines, those with serious medical conditions and those who were physically disable. This would help in getting the expected outcome. Although the overall technique was ineffective considering the fact that in old age it is difficult to follow guidelines and act accordingly. Besides since the measures were based on the references to other professionals who follow their clinical practises. This can create the chances of internal contamination. The effective methods could be to incorporate more exercise interventions along with the dietary supplement and medicinal factors. Exercises have been proved to be one of the most effective methods to control fall in elderly population. The exercises which focus on balancing and strengthening of muscles have shown positive results in this regard. (Li et al 2005). Ethical Consideration The method was approved by The Wellington Ethics Committee and was registered with the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Register. The study met the ethical requirement as the selection was done considering the age factor and related issues. The willingness of the participants was considered while selection. The ethical requirements of the study were to determine the effect of fall prevention technique in the elderly, the problems which can be faced by the participants and the implication of measures that require physical restraints. The method was well explained so the ethical determination of the study was well established. Fall prevention is an issue which is now catching the eye of researchers to develop effective control measures. There is less research or literature available on the issue. (Glasziou 2008). Measures are published in many countries like USA, UK and Canada to reduce the fall in the old age people. (Guidelines 2001; Feder 2000; Scott 2001). Strategy based research study involves the factors which can be effective to reduce the fall rate and community based study involves the implication of the strategies and measures to a large mass group. It is different from the randomised control trial studies which focus on a particular group of individuals within a community. They are set in different environmental backgrounds. (McClure et al 2008). The measurement technique used by the researchers included recording of the number of falls on daily and monthly basis and there was a follow up call by the researcher who is blind to the group allocation. They recorded the injuries and hospitals interventions. A single follow up visit were made in 1 year assessment to the participants to check the muscle strength and body balance. The measurement of daily activity and the fear to fall was also assessed. The interventions were measured by a trained nurse who visited the participants and analysed the various associated factors for the intervention. The number of participants at various stages was presented by researcher in a flow chart. They conducted a session for the family physicians top explain the guidelines related to the fall prevention. The JBI Level of Evidence Considering the JBI level of evidence the study failed to acknowledge the main components. The approach of the study is weak to analyse the effects. The multifactorial intervention techniques have proved to be ineffective in the fall reduction in older people. The community based studies have been an effective method to analyse the measures to reduce fall. Nine trials conducted to check the efficiency of multifactorial studies in order to reduce fall in older people showed negative results. The lack of empirical data in the multifactorial studies done on older people in their home environment was also responsible for the failure of such trials. (Balzer 2012). Only 1 visit for assessment in a year trial is inefficient to determine the effectiveness and outcomes of the interventions. Out of 3434 people only 312 fulfilled the requirement and were willing to participate. The randomisation was almost equal in the study. The primary outcome related to fall reduction showed only 0.95% incid ent rate ratio in the intervention group on comparison with the control group. The secondary outcome was also showing a higher difference. The proved that guidelines for the exercises to increase the strength and body balancing old age people along with the routine activity were not effective. The factors associated with the failure of study could be mainly the fault in the study design. The insufficient visits for the analysis, the lack of support from the physicians proved to be a factor which decreased the efficacy of the study. The study method was also ineffective to analyse the result. There were several trials conducted by Gillespie et al (2012) to determine the effective techniques to reduce fall in elderly. The effective measures to reduce fall include many factors including exercises, vitamin D supplement, education related to the issue, treatment methods, safety measures and proper care etc. the efforts made in the direction of improving of the older people and to reduce the fall needs to observe on a broader prospect and worked accordingly. (Marks, R 2008). Data Collection Method The data collection used in the study was through the post card calendars which the candidates filled in each day and on the monthly basis to record the fall rate. The researcher had the records on the telephone after 4 weeks in the primary outcome but during the secondary outcome they limited it to one visit after 12 months. They should have taken the records in less time interval for more effective outcome. Rigour of the Study The researcher considered the probable questions which could have led to the ineffectiveness of the study. The researcher claims that the study was robust considering the previous studies related to the issue. The problems that affected the study as per the researcher was the involvement of the family physician and their referred interventions. The researcher has established that the physicians were made to attend the session on the measures of the study and the required outcomes. Techniques to Analyse Data The researcher used STATA 9.1 with negative binomial regression model to compare the falls in the intervention and the control group. The secondary outcome was transformed into log for the analysis. To compare the changes in the secondary outcomes, the method used was linear and ordinal logistic regression models for baseline values. The method was used to compare the data between the group. It is effective for the randomised control study Personal Reflection Fall is considered as one of the major factor leading to the morbidity and causing disability in the older people. Nearly one third older people of age above 65 years are victim of fall and in around half cases this case is frequent and recurring. (Tinetti and Kumar 2010). To reduce the fall more number of studies need to be conducted. A proper lay out is required which covers all the factors including exercises and medicinal interventions. As a physician I would not select this method mentioned by Elley et al. (2008) as it failed to prove the efficiency of multifactorial intervention in community based trial method. My approach would be to use plans and method which are more efficient in improving the health of the old people. Exercise related to strengthening the muscles and balancing have proved to be effective to reduce fall. I would prefer using methods which can reduce the fear of falling in the patients. A method suggested reducing fall in elder people by Aama T. A (2011) repr esents all the essential elements which are must to be considered. In future such approach will prove effective in dealing with this issue. Conclusion The literature review presents the study trial to reduce fall in elderly. Although the approach followed a robust trial method yet due to lack of proper analysis technique and data collection methods, the study failed to be effective in this regard. Lack of research in this matter is evident in many studies. It is time to look for an effective method to reduce the fall in elderly people. Cost effective methods and government approved guidelines are needed. All the possible threats to the trial should be considered including the bias, confounding and regression should be analysed. Trial on mass basis with the use of strategic rigour to combat the several hindrances and errors related to the study should be applied and used. References Aama, T. A. (2011). Falls in the elderly: spectrum and prevention. Canadian family physician, 57; 771-776. American geriatrics society, British geriatrics society and American academy of orthopaedic surgeons panel on falls prevention. Guidelines for the prevention of falls in older persons. Journal of the American geriatric society 2001; 49: 664-672. Australia New Zealand: fall prevention society. (2016). Info about falls. Australia. Australian institute of health and welfare. (2016). Fall in older people. Australia: Australian government, AIHW. Balzer et al. (2012). Fall prevention for the elderly. GMS health technol assess,8. Doi: 10.3205/hta000099. Elley et al. (2008). Effectiveness of a falls-and-fracture nurse coordinator to reduce falls: a randomised, controlled trial of at- risk older adults. The American geriatrics society,56: 1383-1389. Feder et al. (2000). Guidelines for the prevention of falls in people over 65. BMJ 2000; 321: 1007-1011. Gillespie et al . (2012). Interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Cochrane database syst rev. Glaszious et al. (2008). What is missing from descriptions of treatment in trials and reviews? BMJ, 336(7659): 1472-1474. Koch A.U. (1999). The role of randomisation in clinical studies: myths and beliefs. J clin epidemiol, 52:487-497. Li et al. (2005). Tai chi and fall reductions in older adults: a randomised controlled trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 60(2): 187-194. Marks, R. (2014). Falls among elderly: multifactoria; community-based fall prevention programs. Aging sci 2,109. Doi: 10.4172/2329-8847. McClure et al. (2008). Population- based interventions for the prevention of fall-related injuries in older people. The Cochrane collaboration, 4. Australia: John Wiley Sons, ltd. Scott et al. (2001). A best practices guide for the prevention of falls among seniors living in the community. Ottawa: federal/provincial/territorial committee of official (seniors) for the ministers responsible for seniors. Tinetti, M. E. and Kumar, C. (2010). The patient who falls: its always a trade-off. JAMA, 303(3):258-266.

Topics For Classification Essay

Topics For Classification EssayIf you are looking for topics for classification essay, you need to find out what it is that you should write about. By researching what the standard specifications are, you will be better prepared to find the perfect subject for your assignment. It might seem like a huge task, but this will make your assignment easier and help you feel more confident about it.Interest. Start by writing down some of the things that you find interesting. You can also take a class on the topic and discuss with the teacher. Or, you could just browse online and find something that interests you.Characteristics. Once you have established some interest, you can start looking for examples. For example, if you are writing a question-and-answer essay, look at some of the responses online to see how they were written. Are there any common characteristics that you can apply? You can then base your research on these examples.Research and statistics. Once you have done some research , you can begin your research by looking at specific types of data. In order to figure out the statistical information you should first learn the terminology. Take a look at how statisticians do their work. You might find something that interests you in these sources.Subject matters. Next, you will want to identify the different areas that you have a specific interest in. You may choose one area and find that it appeals to you. Then, you can start researching the statistics related issues in that area. This should give you a good idea of what other topics you should research.Format. When you are finished with your research, you will want to make sure that the essay is not too long. You want to make sure that it is readable and easily comprehended. There are certain academic formats that you will want to use and there are also certain areas that you can research. You should choose the ones that you think are appropriate.Summary. You should have a short report on your hand. You should then follow this up with a link to your research. The link should point to a page on your site where you can provide further information. You should also include a one or two sentence summary of your research so that people who visit your site can know what your research is all about.Your essay will be given on a grade based on how well you did in your research. You will want to keep this in mind when you are writing your essay. You should keep the requirements for the grades in mind as well as the ways that you can use to improve the way that you do your research. You should learn how to do your research properly so that you can provide a better essay.