Essay about Incarcerated Offender Reentry Plan - 635 Words

Considering the cost of new programs, budget shortfalls and cutbacks the state of Hawaii is experiencing at this time, we ask? What benefits would the state incur by immediately implementing an incarcerated offender reentry plan? Additionally, we ask? How would the immediate implementation of an incarcerated offender reentry plan affect a community’s economy and security? Perhaps, to effectively consider the impact of these questions I will need to determine why there is a need to immediately implement an incarcerated offender reentry plan. To do that, I will consider some statistical data: the Bureau of Justice Statistics (2008) tells us it has been estimated nationally 95% of all incarcerated people are eventually released into the†¦show more content†¦To support my assumption there is an immediate need for the implementation of a reentry plan; I have reviewed the opinions of other criminologist such as Reginald A. Wilkinson (2008). Wilkinson (2008) has written se veral articles on the need for incarcerated offender reentry plans. In one of his articles entitled Incarceration and Beyond: A Personal Perspective† (2008), Wilkinson states, â€Å"the overarching idea is that prison reentry programming should commence upon each offender’s admission to the reception center† Wilkinson goes on to say that those released without a reentry plan will affect the percentage of those returning to incarceration and have a negative effect on a communities budget and security†. Consequently, I can assume that if a reentry plan is implemented immediately, the department will save and better spend its budget dollars and stop what I call â€Å"the swinging door effect†. I define the â€Å"swinging door effect† as the repeated return of offenders into incarceration within a short period of time such. Based on personal interviews along with release document reviews, I can assume a reentry plan was not implemented and likely created the â€Å"swinging door effect†. Consequently, I have found the repeated return of offenders into incarceration within a short period of time is a problem that keeps tax dollars from being spent wisely and will affect a community’s economy and security.Show MoreRelatedAn Offender Reentry Plan Will Keep the Citizens of Hawaii Safer.1709 Words   |  7 Pagesprisons. Part of its role is to fulfill its mission of implementing a successful offender reentry program for all incarcerated offenders. This mission is mandated by the Hawaii State Senate Bill 932, Act 8 (Nakaso Kayton, 2007). The approval of this legislature was made in order to alleviate the problem of recidivism and stop the â€Å"swinging door effect.† The â€Å"swinging door effect† is defined as the repeated return of offenders into incarceration within a short period. This will also help the State ofRead MoreThe Lack Of Reintegration Programs And Mass Incarceration Of African Ameri cans912 Words   |  4 Pagesdrug arrest in 1995 †¢ Continue to be about one million per year for a drug arrest Even though the crime rate statistics has declined, the incarceration rate has continued to grow. The incarceration growth can be attributed to the lack of effective reentry programs since approximately 33% of new admissions to prisons each year are parole or probation violations, which many are for testing positive for illegal drugs. African Americans, particularly African American males have been affected the mostRead MoreRelease Planning For Convicted Felons999 Words   |  4 Pagesabuse/addiction e. Support systems III. Opportunities and Challengesâ€Æ' Introduction During the past decade, there has been a newly found interest in prisoner reentry. This is due to a change in many of the factors surrounding the release of convicted felons and their reentry into to the community (Visher, C. A., Travis, J. 2003). The number of people incarcerated in the United States prisons has quintupled and correctional facilities are working on getting them back into the community. Over half of the convictedRead MoreThe Effect of Rehabilitation and the Rate of Recidivism1727 Words   |  7 Pages With the highest incarcerated rate in the world, does the United States prison systems offer quality rehabilitation or just punishment? According to data from the Bureau of Justice Statistics, there was approximately 706 prisoners per 100,000 residents, or about 2.2 million prisoners in 2012 and within 3 years, almost 6 out of 10 released inmates will be rearrested and half will be back in prison. According to data from www.gpo.gov , the vast majority of prisoners are not rehabilitated. Two-thirdsRead MoreThe Reentry Policy Brief Provides3089 Words   |  13 PagesExecutive Summary The Reentry policy brief provides input to the Task Force set up by Florida Governor Rick Scott to reduce the number of incarcerated juveniles and avoid increasing the already wide racial disparities of the incarcerated population of juveniles. Most reentry facilities in Florida are run by reentry programs that were expanded from Transition from Prison to Community (TPC) and Transition from Jail to Community (TJC) models. Yet these programs appear to not have fully addressed recidivismRead MoreEstablishing Successful Re-Entry Programs for Ex-Convicts1208 Words   |  5 PagesFair amounts of offenders receive some sort of rehabilitation programming while they are incarcerated, albeit many return not able to reintegrate back into their surrounding communities. One way to establish successful offender re-integration is through successful reentry programs. This reason among others is why it is so important that we continue to facilitate correctional programs that increase the margin of public safety through the successful rehabilitation of offenders. Reentry programs are veryRead MorePunishment vs Rehabilitation1678 Words   |  7 Pagesrehabilitation of convicted offenders in prison and under community supervision. Punishment is defined as a penalty that is imposed on an individual for doing something wrong. The term rehabilitation is defined as a way to help somebody to return to good health or a normal life by providing training or therapy (StudyMode). If an individual commits a crime serious enough to warrant incarceration, then the individual is sent to prison as a form of punishment. While incarcerated the individual may haveRead MoreDrug Guidelines And Amendments Over The Past 15 Years1029 Words   |  5 PagesAmendments over the past 15 years It is widely recognized by an array of participants in the criminal justice system that there is an incredible amount of people in federal prison today. A significant reason for this is that too many nonviolent drug offenders have been sentenced to prison terms that are greater than necessary. The impact of the current amendments, slowly but surely, supports retroactive application throughout the incarceration system. Retroactive application is a matter of simple justice:Read MoreFice Of National Drug Control Policy988 Words   |  4 Pagesthat were incarcerated was around 300,000. That number has increased to over 1,600,000 inmates admitted into the state prisons which is shown to date by the Bureau of Justice Statistics in 2007(4). Showing the increase in these numbers only means that there will be even more people released into our communities once their prison sentence is up. Once inmates are released from prison, more than two-thirds are rearrested within three years of thei r release and half are re-incarcerated (1). ThereRead MoreParole and Probation1107 Words   |  5 PagesToday there are several options a judge can grant an offender in regards to the punishment they shall fulfill before or after trial. This refers to any way ranging to non imprisonment yet supervised ways used to deal with criminal offenders who are facing conviction or who has been convicted.. There are punishment an offender may receive such as fines, community service, electronic surveillance also know as house arrest, shock probation, intensive supervision, residential community supervision etc

Breast Feeding An Essential Way Of Expressing Love...

body is an essential way of expressing love towards it. Though, the intimacy of breast feeding it is easy for a mother is given her baby closeness, warmth and comfort; feeding that it derives nutrients for its soul through affection and security, as well as nutrients for its body. Breast feeding provides lose contact between mother and the child. Babies show how they like close body contact by their clear enjoyment of being carried, as they are in rural areas all over the world. Being carried fills their environment with the human warmth, movements and sounds that we beginning to understand are important both before and after birth. Other benefits–Breast feeding perfectly combines the three fundamentals of sound nutrition–food, health and care. A number of studies shown a strong link between the early initiations of breast feeding and reduces risk of post partum haemorrhage. Initiating breast feeding immediately following birth stimulates the contraction of the uterus and reduces blood loss. This obviously reduces maternal mortality and morbidity (Hanson, Lars et al, 1996). In recent years, research has also demonstrated that this immediate post partum benefits is by no means the only way in which breast feeding can improve women’s health. A recent large sample study in United States demonstrated that women who breast fed their children has a lower risk of breast cancer in the premenopausal period, and the longer they breast fed, lower the risk (Rasmussen, Kathleen M, etShow MoreRelatedThe Essay : The Benefits Of Breastfeeding3133 Words   |  13 Pagesthou beautiful damsel, may the four oceans Of the earth contribute the secretion of milk In thy breasts for the purpose for improving The bodily strength of the child O, thou with the beautiful face, may the child Reared on your milk, attain a long life, like The gods made immortal with drinks of nectar† --Sushruta, ancient Indian surgeon (translated) I: INTRODUCTION How a child is reared is critical towards shaping them as a person for the rest of their life. This starts at a very early age, in factRead MoreHesi Practice31088 Words   |  125 Pageswith unrestricted activities. B. a bowel-cleansing procedure will precede radioactive implantation. C. she ll be expected to use a bedpan for urination. D. the preferred positioning in bed will be semi-Fowler s. 14. Before administering a tube feeding to a toddler, which of the following methods should the nurse use to check the placement of a nasogastric (NG) tube? A. Abdominal X-rays. B. Injection of a small amount of air while listening with a stethoscope over the abdominal area. C. A checkRead More023 Understand Child and Young Person development6353 Words   |  26 Pagesto fade; toward the end of the third month babies start lifting and turning their heads. 3-6 months When lying on front babies can lift their arms and legs balancing on their tummies; they can reach and grab a toy and they can pass it from one hand to another; they can also roll from their backs to front; around sixth month babies are becoming able to sit with support (e.g. high chair). 6-9 months Babies can sit without support; they are beginning to crawl or find other ways of beingRead MoreUnderstand Person-Centred Approaches in Adult Social Care Settings12139 Words   |  49 Pagesin-depth understanding of the individual’s life circumstances and preferences, combined with up-to-date evidence-based knowledge about individualised medical and social condition and treatment. 1.2. Explain why it is important to work in a way that embeds person-centred values Characterises a person-centred care: †¢ Has its focus on the person with an illness and not the disease in the person. †¢ Has the person’s own experiences as its point of departure. †¢ Strives to understand behavioursRead More50 Harmful Effects of Genetically Modified (Gm) Foods14312 Words   |  58 Pagesof GMOs actually can potentially far outweigh that of chemical pollution. This is because chemistry deals mostly with things altered by fire (and then no longer alive, isolated in laboratories - and not infecting living terrains in self-reproducible ways). Thus a farmer may use a chemical for many decades, and then let the land lie fallow to convert it back to organic farming. This is because the chemicals tend to break down into natural substances over time, Genetic pollution, however, can alter theRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagesi Igbo Dictionary: KayWilliamson. Draft of Edition II Editor’s note: The Echeruo (1997) and Igwe (1999) Igbo dictionaries Since the preparation of the manuscript, two other dictionaries of Igbo have appeared. Since these differ in important ways from the present document, the following notes are to assist the reader. Michael J. Echeruo 1997. Igbo-English Dictionary. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. 1. Includes an English-Igbo finderlist 2. Aims to be comprehensive (the Igbo-EnglishRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesSubject Index 709 Combined Index 713 iii This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Preface xvii INTRODUCTION 1 3 THE CRITICAL ROLE OF MANAGEMENT SKILLS The Importance of Competent Managers 6 The Skills of Effective Managers 7 Essential Management Skills 8 What Are Management Skills? 9 Improving Management Skills 12 An Approach to Skill Development 13 Leadership and Management 16 Contents of the Book 18 Organization of the Book 19 Practice and Application 21 Diversity and IndividualRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesand transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions: (1) Attribution You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author, namely by citing his name, the book title, and the relevant page numbers (but not in any way that suggests that the book Logical Reasoning or its author endorse you or your use of the work). (2) Noncommercial You may not use this work for commercial purposes (for example, by inserting passages into a book that is sold to students). (3) NoRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagescommunications 12.14 Distribution strategies and the distribution plan 12.15 Channel management 12.16 The ‘soft’ elements of the marketing mix CONTENTS ix 12.17 Integrating the elements of the marketing mix 12.18 Summary Stage Four: Which way is best? Strategic evaluation 13 Criteria of choice 13.1 Learning objectives 13.2 Introduction 13.3 Financial versus non-financial criteria; effectiveness versus efficiency 13.4 Financial criteria 13.5 Non-financial criteria 13.6 Multiple criteria 13

Evidence Based Nursing Research Hospitalisation

Question: Discuss about theEvidence Based Nursing Researchfor Hospitalisation. Answer: Introduction In Australia around 96,300 elders belonging to the age group of 65 and above were hospitalised due to fall during 2011-12. (AIHW 2016). The fall percentage in women is higher than the men. With increasing fall incidences every year in the elderly, the concern to develop methods to control has risen. Around 40% of injury-related death in the elderly population is due to fall. The common injuries due to fall include bruises, cuts and sprains. Hospitalisation is needed in case of fractures. Fracture in hip is one of the major reasons of mortality and morbidity due to slow recovery from the surgery. This is also affecting the quality of life of the elderly people as they have a fear of falling. (Aus New Z: Falls prevention society 2016). Many studies to find effective techniques and method in order to prevent the fall related injuries in the elderly population have been conducted. The given article presents the review of one such randomised and controlled trial conducted by Elley et al. (2008) on the effectiveness of a falls- and-fracture nurse coordinator to reduce falls in older adults. Discussion The study emphasizes on the multifactorial and single factor intervention to be effective in reducing fall in the trial group of participants. The cost incurred due to the fall prevention methods on the community has encouraged people to invest in the effective to reduce fall. Method The researcher has selected a multifactorial intervention using a falls and fracture nurse coordinator who is working with the family physician of the participant. They aim to reduce the fractures by improving the bone strength by the family physician. The trial format was randomised and controlled method conducted in Hutt Valley, Wellington, New Zealand. The duration of the trial was around two years, from March 2005 to February 2007. A randomised controlled trial consists of participants who are assigned to treatment condition at random using controlled procedures. This method helps in comparing the interventions with the control and examining the affecting factors which can help reducing the risk. Randomised control trail is mainly used for the observational and quasi-experimental designs as there is possibility of potential bias and confounding. This could be due to the lack of comparability, observer bias and secular trends. In this case randomised control trial gives the gold s tandard for the determination of the study. (Koch, A.U. 1999). The participants selected included men and women from age group of 75 years and above having a fall history in 12 months periods. A baseline assessment was done by the nurses recruited for the care intervention. A computer based schedule generated for the intervention or control group was given to the participants from the researcher at random. This approach is effective as the chances of bias are low. All the participants received the standard methods of intervention which will help in the analysis. The comparison between the groups can be easy using the control trial method. The researcher excluded the participants having problems in understanding the guidelines, those with serious medical conditions and those who were physically disable. This would help in getting the expected outcome. Although the overall technique was ineffective considering the fact that in old age it is difficult to follow guidelines and act accordingly. Besides since the measures were based on the references to other professionals who follow their clinical practises. This can create the chances of internal contamination. The effective methods could be to incorporate more exercise interventions along with the dietary supplement and medicinal factors. Exercises have been proved to be one of the most effective methods to control fall in elderly population. The exercises which focus on balancing and strengthening of muscles have shown positive results in this regard. (Li et al 2005). Ethical Consideration The method was approved by The Wellington Ethics Committee and was registered with the Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Register. The study met the ethical requirement as the selection was done considering the age factor and related issues. The willingness of the participants was considered while selection. The ethical requirements of the study were to determine the effect of fall prevention technique in the elderly, the problems which can be faced by the participants and the implication of measures that require physical restraints. The method was well explained so the ethical determination of the study was well established. Fall prevention is an issue which is now catching the eye of researchers to develop effective control measures. There is less research or literature available on the issue. (Glasziou 2008). Measures are published in many countries like USA, UK and Canada to reduce the fall in the old age people. (Guidelines 2001; Feder 2000; Scott 2001). Strategy based research study involves the factors which can be effective to reduce the fall rate and community based study involves the implication of the strategies and measures to a large mass group. It is different from the randomised control trial studies which focus on a particular group of individuals within a community. They are set in different environmental backgrounds. (McClure et al 2008). The measurement technique used by the researchers included recording of the number of falls on daily and monthly basis and there was a follow up call by the researcher who is blind to the group allocation. They recorded the injuries and hospitals interventions. A single follow up visit were made in 1 year assessment to the participants to check the muscle strength and body balance. The measurement of daily activity and the fear to fall was also assessed. The interventions were measured by a trained nurse who visited the participants and analysed the various associated factors for the intervention. The number of participants at various stages was presented by researcher in a flow chart. They conducted a session for the family physicians top explain the guidelines related to the fall prevention. The JBI Level of Evidence Considering the JBI level of evidence the study failed to acknowledge the main components. The approach of the study is weak to analyse the effects. The multifactorial intervention techniques have proved to be ineffective in the fall reduction in older people. The community based studies have been an effective method to analyse the measures to reduce fall. Nine trials conducted to check the efficiency of multifactorial studies in order to reduce fall in older people showed negative results. The lack of empirical data in the multifactorial studies done on older people in their home environment was also responsible for the failure of such trials. (Balzer 2012). Only 1 visit for assessment in a year trial is inefficient to determine the effectiveness and outcomes of the interventions. Out of 3434 people only 312 fulfilled the requirement and were willing to participate. The randomisation was almost equal in the study. The primary outcome related to fall reduction showed only 0.95% incid ent rate ratio in the intervention group on comparison with the control group. The secondary outcome was also showing a higher difference. The proved that guidelines for the exercises to increase the strength and body balancing old age people along with the routine activity were not effective. The factors associated with the failure of study could be mainly the fault in the study design. The insufficient visits for the analysis, the lack of support from the physicians proved to be a factor which decreased the efficacy of the study. The study method was also ineffective to analyse the result. There were several trials conducted by Gillespie et al (2012) to determine the effective techniques to reduce fall in elderly. The effective measures to reduce fall include many factors including exercises, vitamin D supplement, education related to the issue, treatment methods, safety measures and proper care etc. the efforts made in the direction of improving of the older people and to reduce the fall needs to observe on a broader prospect and worked accordingly. (Marks, R 2008). Data Collection Method The data collection used in the study was through the post card calendars which the candidates filled in each day and on the monthly basis to record the fall rate. The researcher had the records on the telephone after 4 weeks in the primary outcome but during the secondary outcome they limited it to one visit after 12 months. They should have taken the records in less time interval for more effective outcome. Rigour of the Study The researcher considered the probable questions which could have led to the ineffectiveness of the study. The researcher claims that the study was robust considering the previous studies related to the issue. The problems that affected the study as per the researcher was the involvement of the family physician and their referred interventions. The researcher has established that the physicians were made to attend the session on the measures of the study and the required outcomes. Techniques to Analyse Data The researcher used STATA 9.1 with negative binomial regression model to compare the falls in the intervention and the control group. The secondary outcome was transformed into log for the analysis. To compare the changes in the secondary outcomes, the method used was linear and ordinal logistic regression models for baseline values. The method was used to compare the data between the group. It is effective for the randomised control study Personal Reflection Fall is considered as one of the major factor leading to the morbidity and causing disability in the older people. Nearly one third older people of age above 65 years are victim of fall and in around half cases this case is frequent and recurring. (Tinetti and Kumar 2010). To reduce the fall more number of studies need to be conducted. A proper lay out is required which covers all the factors including exercises and medicinal interventions. As a physician I would not select this method mentioned by Elley et al. (2008) as it failed to prove the efficiency of multifactorial intervention in community based trial method. My approach would be to use plans and method which are more efficient in improving the health of the old people. Exercise related to strengthening the muscles and balancing have proved to be effective to reduce fall. I would prefer using methods which can reduce the fear of falling in the patients. A method suggested reducing fall in elder people by Aama T. A (2011) repr esents all the essential elements which are must to be considered. In future such approach will prove effective in dealing with this issue. Conclusion The literature review presents the study trial to reduce fall in elderly. Although the approach followed a robust trial method yet due to lack of proper analysis technique and data collection methods, the study failed to be effective in this regard. Lack of research in this matter is evident in many studies. It is time to look for an effective method to reduce the fall in elderly people. Cost effective methods and government approved guidelines are needed. All the possible threats to the trial should be considered including the bias, confounding and regression should be analysed. Trial on mass basis with the use of strategic rigour to combat the several hindrances and errors related to the study should be applied and used. References Aama, T. A. (2011). Falls in the elderly: spectrum and prevention. Canadian family physician, 57; 771-776. American geriatrics society, British geriatrics society and American academy of orthopaedic surgeons panel on falls prevention. Guidelines for the prevention of falls in older persons. Journal of the American geriatric society 2001; 49: 664-672. Australia New Zealand: fall prevention society. (2016). Info about falls. Australia. Australian institute of health and welfare. (2016). Fall in older people. Australia: Australian government, AIHW. Balzer et al. (2012). Fall prevention for the elderly. GMS health technol assess,8. Doi: 10.3205/hta000099. Elley et al. (2008). Effectiveness of a falls-and-fracture nurse coordinator to reduce falls: a randomised, controlled trial of at- risk older adults. The American geriatrics society,56: 1383-1389. Feder et al. (2000). Guidelines for the prevention of falls in people over 65. BMJ 2000; 321: 1007-1011. Gillespie et al . (2012). Interventions for preventing falls in older people living in the community. Cochrane database syst rev. Glaszious et al. (2008). What is missing from descriptions of treatment in trials and reviews? BMJ, 336(7659): 1472-1474. Koch A.U. (1999). The role of randomisation in clinical studies: myths and beliefs. J clin epidemiol, 52:487-497. Li et al. (2005). Tai chi and fall reductions in older adults: a randomised controlled trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 60(2): 187-194. Marks, R. (2014). Falls among elderly: multifactoria; community-based fall prevention programs. Aging sci 2,109. Doi: 10.4172/2329-8847. McClure et al. (2008). Population- based interventions for the prevention of fall-related injuries in older people. The Cochrane collaboration, 4. Australia: John Wiley Sons, ltd. Scott et al. (2001). A best practices guide for the prevention of falls among seniors living in the community. Ottawa: federal/provincial/territorial committee of official (seniors) for the ministers responsible for seniors. Tinetti, M. E. and Kumar, C. (2010). The patient who falls: its always a trade-off. JAMA, 303(3):258-266.